Effective pain relief in postoperative patients Essay

Agony is physiological system and a methods for the body alert the individual about either as of now present or approaching harm to it. It tends to be characterized as the â€Å"unpleasant tangible and passionate experience related with genuine or potential damage† (Gelinas, 2004). Therefore, the words distress has additionally been utilized reciprocally with torment previously and can be characterized as a â€Å"negative full of feeling or potentially physical state subject to variety in greatness because of inward or natural conditions† (Gelinas, 2004). Agony is a significant part in care of the careful patients, both preoperative and post employable. Medical procedure itself besets a lot of injury on the patient. The torment that the patient needs to bring about a short time later includes his tension levels and stresses the body. Absence of or deficient measures of agony the executives by the staff, impacts the patients mending process. Their portability and in the long terms their span of medical clinic stay is additionally influenced. It is significant that, for ideal patients wellbeing the board and care, a methods apparatus must be accessible to gauge the patients torment appraisal and alleviation necessity through pharmacological and non pharmacological methods. Little examination has been never really survey and record the predominance of agony and its administration conventions in post employable patients. The agony scoring frameworks are accessible to endeavor to evaluate torment and oversee it as needs be. These abstract ones incorporate the clear cut rating scales (CRS) in which patient rates torment from â€Å"No† to mellow direct or serious. Another is the â€Å"Visual Analog score (VAS) where the individual scores are set on a 10-cm line where the left grapple point is named â€Å"no Pain† and the correct stay point is named â€Å"worst conceivable pain†. Since each patient has a fluctuating edge for torment, and requires changing degrees of medications, to over come the torment, it is better for there to be both an abstract marker for torment just as a goal one, in other words, that the attendants a likewise survey how much agony the patient is in, by utilizing an instrument she is furnished with. Heart medical procedure is a significant thoracic medical procedure and patients post operatively require part analgesics to oversee torment so their morbidities related with torment (like torment in breathing, strolling and so on) can be dispensed with. Typically morphine is utilized with the end goal of help with discomfort however there are signs that Fentanyl can play out a comparable alleviation without a great part of the reactions related. There should be some concentration into this hypothesis. This can be accomplished by putting 2 comparative populaces of grown-up heart patients who have quite recently experienced cardiothoracic medical procedure on morphine or Fentanyl. Similar to the standard system these days, quality pointers, both abstract and target can be utilized. The VAS torment scoring card can be given to the patients to them to record the various degrees of torment that they feel. The medical attendants would be furnished with indictors to record target discoveries which can show torment. â€Å"These can be physiological and social markers. The physiological pointers can be bunched into cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebral responses† (Gelinas, 2004). Agony related reactions would incorporate tachypnea in respiratory, tachycardia and expanded circulatory strain in cardiovascular and brought ICP up in cerebral reactions. After evaluation of the agony levels with the quality pointers, the torment the executives medications will be regulated and later the abstract and target torment appraisal will be rehashed to see which medications impacts were more prominent and kept going longer. An investigation led by Celine Gelinas on basically poorly hatched patients, to discover what are the conventions and instruments used to survey torment the board are and if the patients were being given viable alleviation. He utilized abstract just as target devices. The outcomes uncovered that doctors put no job in reporting torment in patients. The majority of the announcing was finished by medical caretakers and the patients. It was likewise seen that nurse’s appraisal of agony was considerably less than that detailed by the patients themselves. The examination presumed that the documentation in general about the torment and its administration was deficient as a rule with little consideration being given. The exploration additionally noticed that significantly in the wake of being advised about the agony, its successful administration just occurred 60 percent of the time. (Gelinas, 2004). In and interventional study led by Francoise Bardiau in 2003, the quality pointers e. g. VAS were presented in the careful and sedation office. After a review of appraisal of information on medical attendants, VAS to survey torment was the medical attendants attempted to improve torment the executives. After further reviews, it was noticed that commencement of projects to setting of value pointers improves the general agony the board framework. (Bardiau, F. , M, 2003) Idvall E tried a 5 point scale to gauge the impacts of value pointer keep up help with discomfort estimations. â€Å"The results propose introductory help for the new instrument as a proportion of vital and clinical quality markers in postoperative torment the board, however it must be additionally refined, tried and evaluated†. Idvall E 2002) a multidisciplinary program advancement was presented dependent on proof put together medication to center with respect to development of appropriate administration conventions to actualize clinician just as patient based relief from discomfort programs â€Å"The results propose that tending to torment the board through an assortment of procedures focused at the degree of the foundation, the clinician, and the patient may prompt wanted changes practically speaking and better results for patients. .† Bedard, D (2006). A study led on post usable cardiovascular ICU patients, about their agony encounters uncovered that in spite of the torment the board systems set up these days, the torment frequencies, and powers were equivalent to they were over 10 years back. Agony the executives is a crucial part of patient consideration. Nature of torment the board must be evaluated through legitimate markers. These can be multimodal. The patient populaces on which these markers can be applied are preoperative and postoperative patients. Post usable cardiovascular patients under nursing care can profit well from execution of value markers, for example, VAS. In the nursing calling abstract scoring by the patients themselves empowers the attendants to deal with the torment appropriately. This will prompt faster recuperation by the patients and prior release. In the drawn out this implies leads money related ramifications on the patients because of decreased emergency clinic remain. Additionally nursing remaining burden gets diminished as the patient tern over is expanded. The medicinal services cost gets diminished. A Post usable torment the executives (POP) venture was directed in 2003. An across the country review was done to see the usage of value improvement ventures in the field of agony the executives, it was noticed that over 70% of the medical clinics were supposedly happy with the executions and the results of the quality improvement programs. In light of the investigation, it is noticed that on the positive side, legitimate usage of the quality markers and improvement programs in the medicinal services framework and particularly in the ICU and careful wards, the patients stay can turn out to be very agreeable. The stay can be decreased and the expense of human services to the framework, the insurance agencies, and the patient themselves can be diminished. In the other hand we can unmistakably observe that by utilizing the pointers we in actuality are putting more outstanding task at hand on the medical attendants. On the off chance that the abstract VAS and the goal physiological changes in the patient must be checked consistently just to evaluate the torment levels, a great deal of value time will be squandered. This time could have been utilized to watch out for increasingly basic patients. Presently the inquiry emerges on the off chance that it merits the impact to actualize the QI programs. The appropriate response would lie in Force field examination and the Lewin’s hypothesis. In the event that the advantages out way the set backs, we can execute the framework. The optimistic thing would be that we evaluate the agony the executives needs of every division of the social insurance framework and actualize the QIs during the ones wherein the usage benefits out way the expenses.

Pride and Prejudice on Marriage Free Essays

Marriage in the Words of Jane Austen 06 December 2013 In the advanced world, when two individuals choose to make a lifetime pledge to each other, they are consenting to dedicate their own lives to each other for the remainder of their time on Earth. It is a faithfulness that isn't to be messed with, and with the highest thought and affirmation. Marriage in current society is an association that depends on adoration, sympathy, understanding, and a dedication to someone else. We will compose a custom article test on Pride and Prejudice on Marriage or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now In the Regency Period in England be that as it may, the idea of marriage was unmistakably more entangled and organized than it is currently. People who were not yet hitched had exceptionally exacting standards and guidelines about how they ought to communicate with each other, regardless of whether it be secretly or openly. Such principles included not talking in private without the nearness of a chaperone, having no close or physical contact - including hand shakes-, and just discussing certain themes that should have been observed by a senior. Relationships were regularly masterminded and depended on riches and property, rather than adoration. Rarely peopled wed out of energy and genuine sentiments. It was not basic to genuinely become hopelessly enamored with somebody and wed for the ole reason, probably because of the way that young ladies were in such a race to locate their future spouses. It was unquestionably increasingly regular to wed dependent on dependability and financial foundation. In Jane Austen’s epic Pride and Prejudice, the two kinds of relationships are reflected between the couples in the story. There are a few instances of terrible relationships, great ones, and the excellent marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth. Despite the fact that ladies were raised to accept that marriage was about financial and government managed savings, Elizabeth demands getting hitched for adoration, and not for some other explanation other than that. At long last sne can tind such love and wed Darcy. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship to depict what a marriage should be founded on, and to train individuals of the Regency Period to wed for affection, just as trying to free wedding dependent on social class and financial standing. The time wherein Jane Austen lived was one in which social and financial positioning assumed a huge job in one’s notoriety and achievement. As far as marriage, young ladies were educated to search for a man of riches and security. Men likewise picked beneficiary spouses deliberately, being that maybe their ladies’ fathers may offer them arrangements and bargains. It was here and there an unjustifiable plan wherein a man and lady needed to agree to each other dependent on material articles. Karen Newman, who composed a basic exposition on the novel in 1983 says, [Marriage] does after all allude to a genuine social foundation that, in the nineteenth century especially, denied ladies of their human rights. The most careless gander at the lawful and social history of ladies clarifies that these story occasions mirror the social and lawful restrictions that ladies of the eighteenth and ineteenth hundreds of years confronted and that thusly mirror the manner in which a man centric culture has controlled organic jobs for its own favorable position. (693-710) as it were, the ethics and gauges of the time removed numerous rights that ladies had as people. They were viewed as property by their spouses and had almost no decision in what their identity was to spend the remainder of their lives with. She expresses that the messages in the novel straightforwardly mirror the tightening guidelines that were gone ahead during their timeframe, and how men were better than ladies. Numerous relationships did not depend on adoration or satisfaction, however only on oney and social positioning. This kind of marriage introduces itself in Charlotte and Mr. Collins, who wed with no feeling of adoration for each other. Mr. Collins has been bugged by Lady Catherine De Burgh about finding a spouse, and he wishes to satisfy her by requesting a women’s submit marriage in the near future. He accepts that Charlotte’s father is a respectable man, which was significant during this time. He additionally realizes that Charlotte will in all probability have a sensible endowment. On Charlotte’s end, she chooses to wed Mr. Collins dependent on security. She needs an agreeable ome and kids, and knows about her absence of looks and cash; hence she acknowledges Mr. Collins proposition immediately. Elizabeth is bewildered by Charlotte’s choice to wed for cash, however Charlotte has her explanations behind doing as such. She says to Elizabeth, When you have had the opportunity to thoroughly consider it, I trust you will be happy with what I have done. I am not sentimental, you know; I never was. I ask just an agreeable home; and thinking about Mr. Collins’s character, association, and circumstance throughout everyday life, I am persuaded that my possibility of bliss with him is as reasonable as the vast majority can oast on entering the marriage state. (Austen, section 22, page 17) Charlotte has consistently accepted that since individuals change such a great amount during marriage, that it has no effect how they feel about one another before hand. She accepts that she will be upbeat enough with Mr. Collins, realizing that she will presently have soundness and a family. Whatever her contemplations might be, it despite everything remains constant that her marriage is one that is totally bereft of supposition, energy or sentiment: it is basically a marriage of comfort. Charlotte and Mr. Collins’s marriage is the embodiment ot what relationships ere like during this period. It is marriages, for example, this one that Austen was battling against, and endeavoring to refute. She utilizes this relationship as an approach to feature the standard during this time, so as to have complexity to an incredible marriage dependent on affection, which is later found in that of Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage. There is likewise a reasonable qualification among Charlotte and Mr. The most effective method to refer to Pride and Prejudice on Marriage, Papers

Assessment learning Essay

1. What are the capacities, ideas and standards of appraisal in learning and advancement? (1. 1, 1. 2) The capacity of evaluation is an approach to quantify a learner’s capability against concurred measures and standards. The granting body of the specific capability will have an evaluation system what will state which standards should be met to finish the required and discretionary units and the best strategy for obtaining the proof. A scope of techniques will be utilized to decide whether an up-and-comer has shown the aptitudes, information and comprehension to be able against the measures. The assessor should inquire as to whether the appraisal procedure when incorporated will be: Fair †the given exercises during evaluation are pertinent to the competitors needs and sensible changes are made so not to disservice any individual. Solid †If the evaluation was completed by an alternate assessor, in a better place, the outcomes would be predictable. Substantial †the evaluation is appropriate to the capability being surveyed. Protected and sensible †the assessor must not put superfluous requests on the competitor or their work associates in the spot of occupation. Reasonable for the up-and-comers needs †before arranging an evaluation the assessor would need to consider the up-and-comers needs, their subject necessities and mull over any earlier learning, moreover, plan appropriate strategies to be utilized. The evaluation cycle to guarantee the student has met the exhibition and information measures required to accomplish the capability accomplished all parts of the capability effectively. The cycle will start with the underlying evaluation which will set up any earlier learning or experience of the subject to be taken and will distinguish individual learner’s needs. Moreover, demonstrative tests can perceive if a student has for example, dyslexia. The second piece of the cycle will be the appraisal arranging, where the assessor and student concede to the strategies to be utilized for proof, set deadlines and who will be included, for example, work associates. Thirdly, the appraisal action will set up which techniques to decide whether a competitor has exhibited the abilities, information and comprehension to accomplish the necessary norm. The penultimate piece of the cycle will be the place the assessor settles on a choice with regards to whether the standard has been met and give criticism to the student. In conclusion, progress will be looked into and any progressions to the evaluation exercises can be made. The assessor will utilize a scope of Benchmarking will be utilized to guarantee the learner’s execution is on track against the acknowledged standard of the branch of knowledge. This information will add to the quality confirmation and advancement of best practice. 2. What is the job and duties of the assessor? (1. 3) The job of the assessor is required to be skilled and educated with the gauges of the granting body so they can disclose the standards to the up-and-comer, in this way the student recognizes what they are really going after. Ensuing to the evaluation arranging an underlying appraisal needs to have been completed to distinguish any individual needs, earlier learning, abilities and information the student may have. When arranging the appraisal the assessor ought to have the applicable data of where the student works and what they do, this will guarantee the right units will be secured and right strategies are picked. The assessor will utilize the evaluation plan as an instrument for surveying the learner’s skill and information against the concurred model guaranteeing that it is reasonable, substantial and solid. The assessor should plainly record all appraisal choices and show which models was met. Each directed appraisal will record accomplishments precisely and any proof gave by the student must be checked by the assessor to guarantee it is real. To guarantee privacy the data will be accessible to impart to those with an authentic intrigue. After the appraisal the assessor will give useful criticism to the student concerning their accomplishments at the earliest opportunity and recognize any holes in the learner’s information and abilities. At this stage the applicant will either plan to be rethought or progress ontoâ the next evaluation. The assessor will be mindful to the association, word related principles and granting association when arranging, overseeing and conveying evaluation and must keep up great practice and follow enactment all through to keep up the respectability of the capability. 3. Clarify the guidelines and prerequisites applicable to appraisal in own general vicinity of practice(1. 4, 3. 4, 3. 5, 8. 1) The assessor will be required to follow a scope of strategies and practices set by the administrative groups of gauges, for instance, Ofqual, Sector aptitudes gathering, Institute of learning. Different guidelines, for example, wellbeing and security, fairness and assorted variety, information assurance, chance appraisal, and so forth will be examined underneath. It is the duty of the assessor to guarantee that the above are completed during the evaluation procedure. For instance, the assessor must comply with the wellbeing and security rules of the applicants work spot and report any risky practice or perilous hardware. The need of wearing defensive attire and wellbeing shoes might be required. The assessor or interior verifier should possibly intercede with an evaluation is if the wellbeing and security is setting somebody in harm's way. Under the administration of wellbeing and security at work guideline 1999, the assessor must evaluate the dangers to forestall any perilous practices and find data on who holds the medical aid testament and what the fire and crisis strategy is. The assessor is dependable to do a hazard evaluation to protect the student during appraisal and build up any dangers which may happen during the evaluation exercises in the work place. While there is constantly a chance of hazard in any consistently event, the assessor has an obligation of care to advise of the hazard and counsel of the conceivable result with respect to wellbeing. It is the assessor’s duty to guarantee all narrative proof is remained careful during outside appraisals and information kept secure. Any assessor who works with powerless grown-ups or kids will be required to have a criminal records department check before being permitted to work in that word related zone. The check will recognize any unacceptable individual and must be utilized to secure and safe gatekeeper grown-ups and kids in danger. The inability segregation act enacted that no debilitated individual ought to be oppressed in view of a handicap, regardless of whether it is a physical or mental hindrance. In 2002 and 2005 the demonstration was stretched out to incorporate instructive associations. This implied appropriate arrangements must be made for handicapped people to conquer any physical hindrances and not be dealt with less well due to their inability. The underlying appraisal ought to explain if the student has a specific adapting needs or incapacities to guarantee correspondence and decent variety needs are met. The assessor has an obligation to guarantee no student is victimized; everybody has an equivalent open door for learning and advancement. Evaluation exercises ought to mirror the assorted variety of the student, for instance, culture, language and ethnicity and not be one-sided to the individual who created them. Each individual is qualified for learn in a protected situation, regardless of whether it be the assessor or student. It is unlawful to dispense whipping on anybody and on the off chance that limitation is required, at that point it must follow the associations severe rules on discipline. The copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) is one that the assessor ought to examine with the student toward the beginning of the appraisal procedure as it identifies with the credibility of their own work and items. It is unlawful to utilize somebody else’s fill in as their own without referencing to the legitimate proprietor, as this is counterfeiting. The assessor should consistently guarantee the student signs and dates their own work, particularly in the event that it has been set up on the PC for affirmation that they are the first proprietor. The assessor will have secret data about their students, for example, name, age, birth date on record and under the Data Protection Act this data must be kept private and secure. In the event that the data is kept on a PC, at that point it ought to be secured with a secret key that ensures against other entering the framework. In the event that the data is paper based, at that point it must be kept in a file organizer which is lockable. The student can demand to perceive any data held about them under The Freedom of Information Act 2002, so it is critical to back up duplicates, if electronically put away if there should be an occurrence of being erased. The data ought not be kept longer than should be expected and the holder should enlist as an information client if the period is more than 2 months. There may some word related territories which require the possibility to wear a uniform, for instance, a white tunic top if working in a café or defensive dress, for example, intelligent coat, hard cap and wellbeing boots if on a building site. The assessor should dress as per the wellbeing and security guidelines while doing an evaluation in the work place with the student. When the assessor has qualified they should enlist with the Institute for Learning and stay aware of their proceeding with proficient turn of events. It is essential that the assessor submit to the code of expert practice to guarantee they are attempting to a similar norm and not under accomplishing. On the off chance that the previous ought to occur, at that point it could dramatically affect the evaluation community quality affirmation when the outside verifier does an investigation visit two times per year. To guarantee guidelines are being met and guarantee for confirmation is substantial the outer verifier should see a blend of the candidate’s fi

Unforgiven A Revisionist Shane - Literature Essay Samples

Within any genre the individual gears and cogs of a film may vary in degrees, but the film still ascribes to a set of rules preordained by the genre’s progenitors. Like a meme, genre films such as the Western will warp and intentionally borrow from themselves to apply a deeper discussion of ideology within the frame of the genre and thus by proxy discuss its discourse with the prior and future films of its genre. Furthermore being a space of pseudo-history the Western protagonist like Unforgiven’s Will Munny must be a response to the genre’s prior protagonists. Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven is a Western that contains multiple instances of characters inhabiting false personae in order to represent a symptom of the genre, and within that subtext the characters are forced into catharsis by the inevitable conclusion of the film. Eastwood’s Unforgiven is a Western that contains multiple instances of characters perpetuating false personae to themselves based on the meta-lore of the evolving frontier. According to literary historian Richard Slotkin the â€Å"genre space† but more particularly the Western/frontier film is a â€Å"Pseudo-historical setting that is powerfully associated with stories and concerns rooted in the culture’s myth/ideological tradition† (Slotkin). So within living memory of the origins of the Western, the Western becomes a meta-adaptation of real history, and real history is influenced by the Western. Unforgiven contains reference to the genre as a whole when it invents characters like the Schofield Kid who attributes his persona to his signature weapon, thus perpetuating the genre’s desire to create that of him. He cannot comply with the demands of the lifestyle by killing again, and thus demonstrates that his constructed self is a collection of attrib utes desired among his ideal counterparts. By using Schofield and Beauchamp to establish a literary fantasy that is desired by the character, the audience can witness the perspectives of both Will and Schofield as they shift alignments so drastically in the closing act. It is a drastic realization by Schofield that the persona he envisioned for himself and assumed of Will is a faà §ade facilitated by the genre. Schofield can no longer compel himself to pursue that identity because it is mythical, and in a way this suggests that the film desires to be perceived as oppositional to the violence that Schofield undertakes in the outhouse. Schofield’s violence is perceived as negative because it is not entirely him committing to the violence. It is because of his metacognitive knowledge of the performative frontiersman that he attempts to imitate the grandiose Western hero, but that is settled with the harsh reality that violence is a lifestyle and not a singular choice. Will says at the beginning of the film that he figured that Schofield had come to kill him for something he had â€Å"done in the old days† because Schofield aesthetically matches the â€Å"young gun† archetype we see repeatedly throughout Western history such as the Sundance Kid or even Casey Affleck’s Robert Ford (Eastwood). Schofield desires to be perceived as the suave and likeable killer archetype such as Johnny Guitar’s Dancing Kid, but ultimately he is received as Turkey from the same film. Unforgiven gives Schofield the ability to perform as a character because he is in the second generation of the frontiersman. He can remediate the violence inherent in the film’s genre by distancing himself from Will’s past, and thus criticizes the anti-heroic approach to the western mythos in that Schofield must live with his decision rather than die a climactic and glorious death. Unforgiven is focused on teaching the Schofield Kid the hardships of anti-heroism and vigilantism, and this is indicative that it targets the impressionable. This brings to question what audience Eastwood seeks with the film, because his protagonist Will Munny is in many ways reminiscent of George Stevens’ Shane in that he is a killer, and he does revert to a lifestyle that is a source of shame for him. They both ride off into the distance after killing a room full of men and influencing the youth not to follow suit. Young people love Tarantino, Scorsese, and Tim Miller because they deliver unapologetic violence, and furthermore they deliver humor with the violence that treats the youth with respect in regards to their understanding of death as an irreversible action. Filmmakers like Tarantino can joke about the genre from a place of deep respect and thus treats his audience as an intelligent and curious youth that are tired of a preached method. Doctor of comparative literature Jean-Christophe Cloutier says that â€Å"Unforgiven hints that the sick, old men we were so eager to get rid of may in fact be the only ones who can do the job the way it needs to be done,† and this is indicative of film’s approach to villainizing this violence as a thing that the younger generation should be thankful that they do not have to perpetuate. Unforgiven makes violence a continual burden that the perpetrator cannot be forgiven for; the frontiersman has the capability to kill and thus he must kill because resolution is inherently dependent on the protagonist shouldering the entirety of the resolution’s weight. That is why Will Munny kills Little Bill and Skinny Dubois, and Schofield Kid has to leave before that scene. Schofield Kid is being shown by Will Munny first hand that he is not capable of this lifestyle because it is a conservative lifestyle that Schofield is being purposefully sheltered from. Will Munny validates older generations by giving them a protagonist that is relatable to how they perceive themselves in relation to the youth, and he is representative of Eastwood’s value of wisdom over idealistic convention. Director Clint Eastwood once said in a BBC interview with Stella Papamichael â€Å"Ive always been fascinated with the stealing of innocence. Its the most heinous crime, and certainly a capital crime if there ever was one.† So the strategy of this film is primarily to demonstrate the conservation of the classic anti-hero character that Clint Eastwood was made to play, and in a sense forgiving Schofield for his wanton idealization of the â€Å"Damn Killer† (Eastwood). When Davey is murdered by Will, it is purposefully mentioned that Schofield cannot see, and after the harsh reality of murder is revealed to Schofield, Will spares him of witnessing further violence by sending him away. This departure is not new to the Western as earlier mentio ned Unforgiven is in many ways the revisionists Shane, and in many ways it is about an internal conflict in both the Schofield Kid and Will Munny that they are trying to be Shane and run from that identity respectively. Schofield is representative of the eagerness in Joey to become Shane, and Will Munny is the revisionist Shane because Eastwood wants to enforce wisdom as more valuable than conventional knowledge. When Joey makes it very clear that he desires Shane’s identity, Shane attempts to quell his curiosity by essentially telling him not to idealize him. Will however let’s Schofield Kid make his own mistake, and thus demonstrates his change to the Shane archetype as a guide rather than a teacher. This Lassez-Faire approach to apprenticeship actually displays a respect for human growth through experience, as well as the development of individuality within young audiences through personal experience rather than attributing personality to culture. The Schofield Kid and Will Munny create a dynamic in which the younger man cannot understand the elder fully until he achieves this experience of ending a life, and Eastwood delivers a very weird and poignant coming of age story via an instance of trauma. Eastwood implies by this that innocence taken is inherently evil because it disallows the experience to be gained on its own. Will Munny’s allowance of Schofield to obtain t his experience within the context of the film is simply Eastwood’s attempt to revise character on a generational level by advocating a personal connection to violence rather than a dissonant glorification of it like in Shane. By then taking Schofield’s Schofield, Will removes any connection that the Kid has to the archetype. He has obtained experience and now has the wherewithal and resources to reinvent himself based on his newfound knowledge. Will Munny wants him to kill because he will understand that it isn’t an aspiration that good men have. He believes that if this lifestyle were pursued by Schofield in a situation where it was a fair fight in a glorious setting that Schofield would be killed or indulgent in the very mythos that Will himself had created. It reveals the cynicism inherent in Will Munny’s character and attempts to draw a clear line in the sand of where innocence should end and where experience begins. Unforgiven is steeped in the realm of experiential discussion with itself, it wants its audience to desire the experience and restraint of Ned (Morgan Freeman), but it also indicates that this is dangerous because of its indecisiveness. By essentially turning himself into a bystander, Ned reveals that the middle ground between Will and Schofield may be unattainable, and this is a tell of Eastwood’s inherent cynicism about growth. To gain experience is to eventually become as jaded as Will, and while the gap between Will’s murderous phases is large, by killing again he regresses to the point in his life in which he was gaining experience. Ned is not willing to grow anymore at this point, and in the genre that is associated with expansion of both the nation and the individual this is a death sentence. Unforgiven rewards the character with initiative and purges those who are caught off guard. By killing Ned, Eastwood is saying that the mythos of the Western calls for the i nitiative, and Ned is a symptom of the domestic frontier rather than the wild. By domesticating Ned, and making him seemingly at peace with his marriage and life there is a pseudo-elitism implicated that targets those with attachment. Those that fight for material betterment are inherently weaker than those who protect their ideals. Unforgiven plays around with the idea that an individual becomes irrelevant the moment of their stagnancy. To stand still is to accept death, and in Western’s this is a popular legend. There is always a competition to see who can be the fastest to draw in a standoff. In Jim Jarmusch’s Deadman, Charlie Dickinson becomes static after murdering his ex-lover, and then is dispatched by William Blake (Johnny Depp). Both films deal with stasis in a manner that depicts it as having no place in the frontier, but Deadman depicts the Western as a sandbox for the blank slate. William Blake is discouraged with monotonous life outside of the frontier so he attempts to do the same thing within the frontier only to realize that he is destined to adapt to the environment. It is a return to nature in that his disposition to the frontier lifestyle is not one of reverence it is one of indifference. The indifference to action or morality allows him to experience in a manner that doesn’t root from cynicism, but is rather an enlightened experience that is relevant to the trials that he must undergo. Furthermore Unforgiven is a film that teeters back and forward between domesticity and wilderness. Unforgiven has multiple instances of violence in a domestic space, but only one death in wilderness. The death in wilderness is depicted as excruciating, but it is also dealt with in a way that respects death as an experience from all perspectives. Whether death happens to a friend or enemy, Eastwood portrays it from a perspective that inhibits the ability to sympathize with all parties and thus ascertain clarity of an unfortunate situation rather than a hyperbolically idealized bias on the side of the hero. As a postmodern Western Will Munny becomes sympathetic to the viewer because of his intrinsic connection to the African-American. Eastwood uses post-racial ideology in Unforgiven as something that is developed through personal experience. To Will and Schofield, Ned is a partner, but to Little Bill he is an object that contains something to be desired. The film disregards race in many ways because it is intent on not soliciting bias for either innocence or experience within Schofield Kid and Will Munny, respectively. Little Bill’s murder is left until the end of the film because he is in the eyes of the audience unforgivable at this point. He cannot solicit bias because he represents institution in a world that is inherently antithetical to institution. Richard Slotkin says that â€Å"the difference between lawman and outlaw is obscured by their kindred gift for violence.† and this is especially important in Unforgiven because it grants authority to a reprehensible man like Will Munny by having his opposition be more reprehensible than him. Eastwood’s philosophy of disregarding color impacts his audience in that they all recognize the implications of color whereas if Eastwood disregards race, we pay more attention to it. Eastwood designs his heroes to normalize racial difference, but acknowledges the history of racism by using it to villainize Little Bill. By having Schofield appear as antagonistic towards Ned upon their meeting, but not use a slur towards him is indicative o f Eastwood’s ability to immediately establish the development of Schofield and essentially buttress his character against criticism in the future. By developing Schofield so rapidly, Eastwood also gives his audience insight into his perspective on development as a whole. Experience is defined in Unforgiven as something acquired not through time, but rather through action. If domesticity is the desire of the character then experience is not in life, but in stasis. Little Bill is similar to Will Munny in many ways; predominantly he is a gunfighter past his prime as well as a lawman, but he exists in a realm of domesticity that disallows experience. Thus Little Bill becomes both a terrible carpenter and disconnected from the desire of those that he governs. The dissonance between the lawman and his community resembles the inability to domesticate the frontier, and from a perspective that attempts to do so we see the holes in the roof. Domesticity cannot survive the frontier in a state that is dependent on violence to protect, otherwise it is not domesticity. Little Bill desires to be performative of both the outlaw and the lawman simultaneously, and doing so exceeds his limitations temporarily preceding his death. His experience is demonstrative of the continued idealization of the western hero, and the zealous defense of corporate interests. By attempting to domesticate the frontier his defense of his own ideals becomes the reversal of Will Munny’s cynical experience as he expects more than he is capable of taking. Unforgiven also gives us Clint Eastwood’s perspective of extreme liberalism in the character Mr. Beauchamp who idealizes the Western hero to the point of worship. He is depicted as cowardly as he urinates when a gun is pointed at him, and he is also depicted as inconsequential as he is largely analytical towards the idea of the genre. He is writing the stories that make this film a metafi ction, thus he is creating the glorified version of the Western that both Schofield Kid and Little Bill are swindled by. Beauchamp’s character is antithetical to experience because the experiences he desires is someone else’s. Will Munny says, â€Å"It’s a hell of a thing killing a man. You take away all he’s got and all he is ever going to have,† and this is indicative of the respect that Eastwood has for death. He treats Beauchamp with such a distance to that respect that it discredits a lifestyle that is purely analytical, and with that distance criticizes academia for perpetuating narratives that idealize the very violence that Eastwood’s film is opposed to. Eastwood’s film Unforgiven is a remedy for storytelling that rewards violence, and glorifies it. By taking one of his own favorite movies in Shane and semantically opposing its ideas of the glorification of the Western hero, Eastwood makes himself vulnerable by admitting that not all experience can be gained by talking. It must be acquired personally because that removes dissonance from frontier decision making. Within the mythos of the American Western this film argues that the Western hero exists solely for the purpose of the youth’s preservation, and while the Western continues to grow in a manner that glorifies violence, they become increasingly more resistant to the idea of violence as a means to experience.

Alzheimer s And Alzheimer Dementia - 991 Words

Some alternate names for Alzeheimer s include Alzheimer dementia (AD), Alzheimer dementiia, syndrome, and sclerosis. The name of the disease was chosen after Dr. Aloysius Alzheimer was credited with discovering the first case of presenile dementia. This would later be called Alzheimer s disease in honor of Dr. Alzheimer s discovery. In the year of 1901, Dr. Alzheimer was studying a 51-year-old patient named Auguste Deter. The patient was suffering from strage behavioral patterns of symptoms. One of the symptoms included the loss of short-term memory. Over the next several years after he passed, Dr. Alheimer would devote a lot of his time to this patient where he bought his brain to work on in Kraeplin s lab. With two Italian†¦show more content†¦People who suffer from Down Syndrome tend to be at larger risk for early-onset because they tend to age faster. The early-onset form appears to be traced back to defect in a specific area of a patient s DNA: chromosome 14.Trisomy is when an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei. This later causes developmental abnormalities. Myoclonus is the form of muscle spasm and twitching which is more common is this disorder. The inheritance pattern of the late and early-onset Alzheimer disease is still unknown. People who inherit one copy of the APOE e4 allele have an increased chance of developing the disease; those who inherit two copies of the allele are at even greater risk (Steve). A major symptom of Alzheimer s Disease includes the loss of abstract thinking. In conclusion, the person will lose the ability to solve problems and draw conclusions. Disorientation is also a major symptom which includes when one can become lost on a familiar street nut do not know how to get back home because he or she forgot where they lived. The lack of initiative takes place where person may become unmotivated or passive. Not pursuing their usual activities is a sign from this. Language problems occur where the person often forgets simple everyday vocabulary. Other symptoms include when one misplaces their items such as wallets and phones and at times puts them in odd places. Another one is mood swings where person can have rapid mood swings for no

The Stranger - Meursaults Trial Essay - 1020 Words

After only a few days of trial, the jury in The Stranger declares that the main character, Meursault, is to be executed by guillotine in the town square. The trial and its verdict are one of the important parts of the novel, as Albert Camus uses them as a metaphor to summarize the two main tenets of absurdism. Camus uses the trial and persecution of Meursault to express his belief that the justice system is flawed because of his absurdist ideals that truth does not exist, and human life is precious. In order to reform the justice system, Albert Camus believes that capital punishment needs to be abolished. The trial portrays the absurdist ideal that absolute truth does not exist. This ideal destroys the very purpose of the trial, which†¦show more content†¦All the facts the prosecutor presents are valid and true, though unrelated to his case. From the prosecutors point of view, Meursault is a â€Å"monster, a man without morals† (96). Even Meursault agrees that what he was saying was plausible (99). The reader, who knows all of Meursault’s thoughts, knows how absurd the prosecution’s accusations are. Throughout the trial, Camus explains that perception means everything, and there is no absolute truth. The conviction of Meursault represents another main point of absurdism, that life is precious. It only takes forty five minutes for an entire jury to unanimously decide to send Meursault to the guillotine, which is unreasonable. Camus is trying to point this out as one of society’s wrongdoings. The prosecutors argument had appealed to the jurys emotions and society’s standards rather than reason. If the jury had not felt the emotions that were supposed to influence their decision, the prosecutors argument would have seemed completely irrational. In a rational world, Meursaults emotions regarding his mother or her funeral would not have influenced his verdict. 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John Proctor and John Hale Good Person vs Good C Essay Example For Students

John Proctor and John Hale Good Person vs Good C Essay itizenJohn Proctor and John Hale- Good Citizen vs. Good PersonIn The Crucible, Arthur Miller portrays the two main characters, John Proctor and Reverend John Hale as good men. The term good men in this play is ambiguous. Reverend John Hale was a good man in the sense of being the perfect and good citizen of Massachusetts in the 1600s. He was pious, adherent to the laws and beliefs, and a good Puritan Christian. John Proctor, on the contrary would not be considered the greatest citizen. He was not so religious, nor the perfect Christian, and was not so adherent to the Puritans laws and beliefs. However, he was still considered a good man, as a person rather than being an ideal Puritan citizen. He was very honest, moral, loyal to his friends and family, and was generous. The major difference between the two are good citizen vs. good person. The most important trait to prove that John Proctor was a good person was his honesty. In every scene in the play that John Proctor is in, his commendable honesty stands out. It didnt matter how much trouble he would bring himself into, his philosophy was I may speak my heart (Miller, p. 30). Proctors honesty eventually lead to his downfall and death.The first incident in the play where we see Proctors honesty is after the affair he had with Abigail. He realized his mistake and was honest and admitted it to his wife Elizabeth. In the next situation where Proctor is involved he tells the Reverend Parris why he does not like him, and it also gets him into trouble. He tells him, Can you speak one minute without we land in hell again, Im sick of hell! (p. 30). He is honest, yet disrespectful to his reverend. While in court, John Proctor is too honest to the judges. He admits his guilt of not being a religious Christian and says I have once or twice plowed on Sunday (p.91) and he also admits not going to church every Sunday. He also admits that he committed adultery and had an affair with Abigail. His most commendable moment of honesty was when he was on death row and would rather die than confess and lie.Proctors morality, and loyalty also contribute to being a good person. When the marshals Herrick and Cheever came to arrest his wife, he stuck with her to protect her, even though she was accused of being a witch. He is bold by ripping up the warrant, and risked getting arrested to help her. He is strict to the officer of law and tells him youll leave her out of sight and out of mind, mister! (p.74). He publicly curses the deputy governor, Damn the deputy governor! Out of my house! (p.77) He makes a sacrifice to help his family rather than help himself. Proctor was a good man, though not such a good Puritan Christian. He did not go to church every Sunday, and broke the Sabbath by plowing. He violated one of the ten commandments by committing adultery. He is a sinner against the moral fashion of time (p. 20), states the narrator of this play. Nor did he believe in all the Puritan beliefs and laws. He didnt believe that witchcraft was invading the community, I have wondered if there be witches in the world although I cannot believe they come among us now (p.69). This is considered heresy towards the beliefs of the Puritan religious authority, and the Reverend Hale points that out to Proctor. Proctor did not have faith in the court system and clearly disregarded the official court warrant. John Hale was a good citizen. He was a very pious Puritan, by the fact that he became a reverend. .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .postImageUrl , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:hover , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:visited , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:active { border:0!important; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:active , .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614 .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u130d5de642c5d3b7ffbf2b1037124614:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exciting and colourful logo Essay Also, he was shocked by the fact that someone missed a day of church, and could plow on Sabbath becaue he believed a Christian on Sabbath Day must be in Church! (p. 51) . He is an expert in the field witchcraft, therefore believing in the existence of witches, as the Puritans did, and says that we shall find him out

Vitamin C lab report free essay sample

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is a water soluble vitamin. It is a powerful reducing agent that is able to decolourise blue DCPIP (2. 6-dichlorophenol indophenols). The decolourisation of DCPIP can therefore be used to calculate the vitamin C content of a variety of fruit juices. Research Question – To determine how the content of Vitamin C (%) will differ in fresh fruits (orange, mango, lemon, lime, blackcurrant, pineapple) from that in processed fruit juices (orange, pineapple) by adding drops of the aforementioned fruit juices to DCPIP until the DCPIP gets decolorized. Variables Independent Variable – Type of fruit juice used (fresh or processed). NB: the juice from the fruits was freshly squeezed during the experiment. Dependent Variable – Amount of fruit juice it takes to decolourize the DCPIP in cm3 (Â ±0. 2cm3) Controlled Variables – 1) Concentration of DCPIP was the same in all the samples. A larger amount of it was prepared for this case. 2) The same amount of DCPIP was added in each test-tube (1 cm3) using the same 5cm3 syringe 3) All the fruit juices, fresh and processed, were diluted five times. We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamin C lab report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The same 5cm3 syringe was used to add drops of fruit juices in the test tubes 5) State of decolourization – one sample of decolourised DCPIP was used as a basic one (one with 0. 1% ascorbic acid) and later all the fruit juices with DCPIP were compared with the sample. The decolourization should have been the same in both the samples. 6) The other control was similar to (5) above, but instead of having ascorbic acid, it had distilled water. It was used to show that only vitamin C can decolourize DCPIP Materials 10 Test Tubes 2 x 5cm3 syringes (Â ±0. 2cm3) (pipettes were not available so syringes were used) 3 x 20 cm3 beakers Label the test tubes, then slowly pipette 1 cm3 of DCPIP into each test tube Safety! – DCPIP is corrosive and toxic. Wash of any spills with water 2) Take 5cm3 of 0. 1 % ascorbic acid using a syringe 3) Add the ascorbic acid drop by drop into the first test tube, gently shake the tube after each drop is added. As soon as the DCPIP becomes decolourized, note the volume of ascorbic acid that was added 4) Wash syringe and beaker. Into the second test tube, add the same volume of distilled water as ascorbic acid that you added in test-tube 1. Gently shake the tube and note observations. 6) Dilute all juices to be tested 5 times using a measuring cylinder. 7) Add the first sample of juice drop, gently shake the tube after each drop is added and note the volume added in order to decolourize the DCPIP. Continue the same way for other fruit juices Do not forget to wash out the beaker and the pipette after each juice is used 8) Lastly, calculate the concentration of ascorbic acid present in each fruit juice: Data Collection – Qualitative – Table 1: Colour change in each liquid test Tube Liquid test Colour 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) colourless 2 Distilled water (control) No change 3 0range juice(fresh) colourless 4 Lemon colourless 5 Mango colourless 6 Lime colourless 7 blackcurrant magenta 8 pineapple colourless 9 Processed orange juice Turns light purple/maroon 10 Processed pineapple juice Pink From the table on the previous page it can be seen already that most fresh fruit juices have high amounts of vitamin C as they completely decolourise the DCPIP (comparing to test tube 1 which is the control). Moreover, both of the processed juices seem to have lower amounts of DCPIP as they hardly change from their original colour (purple). None of the final colours were similar to that with distilled water, showing that all of them had some amount of ascorbic acid. Quantitative Data In the following table, the test-tube with distilled water will not be taken into account as the DCPIP was not decolourized. Table 2: amount of volume required to decolourise DCPIP in each liquid test Tube Liquid Test Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) 0. 6 3 0range juice(fresh) 2 4 Lemon 3. 1 5 Mango 3 6 Lime 2. 9 7 blackcurrant 18 8 pineapple 6 9 Processed orange juice 20 10 Processed pineapple juice 18 The data in this table supports the qualitative results. It should be noted that due to time constraints, for test-tube 7, 9 and 10 the experiment was stopped as they didn’t change colour quickly and continuing the experiment would have been time consuming. The fact that they decolourised from their original colour was taken as proof that ascorbic acid was present. Data Processing Using this formula the concentration of ascorbic acid in all the liquids was found Volume of 0. 1 % ascorbic acid is 0. 6 cm3 (Â ±0. 2cm3). Table 3: Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in liquid tests Tube Liquid Test Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) 0. 6 3 0range juice(fresh) 2 0. 03 4 Lemon (fresh) 3. 1 5 Mango (fresh) 3 6 Lime (fresh) 2. 9 7 Blackcurrant (fresh) 18 8 Pineapple (fresh) 6 9 Processed orange juice 20 10 Processed pineapple juice 18 Presenting Processed Data The following bar graph shows the amount of vitamin C present in each of the liquid tests. It shows that test tubes 7, 9 and 10 have the least amounts of Vitamin C while from the fruit juices, test tube 3 has the highest amount of vitamin c. Note: test tube 1 is a control with ascorbic acid (0. 1%). Graph 1: Concentration of Ascorbic acid (%) against fruit juices From Table 3, it can be seen that greater the volume of liquid required to decolourise the DCPIP, smaller the concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in the solutions. The following graph shows this relationship even more clearly. The plots were joined using a trend line so that the trend can be seen more clearly. Graph 2: Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) against Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP The following graph shows that the concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in the fresh fruits (indicated by the blue diamond-shaped dots) is higher than the concentration in processed fruit juices (indicated by the blue squares). All the points in the fresh fruits line are higher than those in the processed fruit line. Since we could not get the processed juices for all the fresh fruits, the following graph will focus on the vitamin C concentrations of orange and pineapple, both fresh and processed. Graph 3:Fresh orange and Processed orange Graph 4: Fresh pineapple and Processed Pineapple Juice This clearly shows that there is a higher vitamin C concentration in the fresh fruits (3 and 8) than in the processed fruit juice (9 and 10) Conclusion Putting the above results from highest Vitamin C concentration to lowest; Ascorbic Acid (1st) Fresh Orange Juice Fresh lemon Fresh Mango Fresh Lime Fresh pineapple Fresh Blackcurrant Processed Orange juice Processed Pineapple juice Distilled water (last) From this ranking, it can be said that from the fruit juices/ Fresh orange juice (0.03%) has the highest amount of Vitamin C and the processed fruit juices (orange, pineapple) have the lowest amount (0. 003%) Even though only 2 comparisons could be made (Graph 4 and 5), the results of this investigation illustrate without any doubt that fresh fruit juices(orange, mango, lemon, lime, blackcurrant, pineapple) have a higher concentration of ascorbic acid (%) than do processed fruit juices (pineapple, orange). The research question can thus be answered as: the concentration of Vitamin C is higher in fresh fruits than processed juices. Therefore, if our diet consists more of the fresh fruits above, we will gain a higher amount of vitamin C in our bodies. Evaluation 1) Oranges are ranked as world’s healthiest fruits because of their high Vitamin C concentration. One orange has 69. 62mg of Vitamin C and can supply 116. 2% of the daily value1. This fact is consistent with the findings of the experiment, where the concentration of ascorbic acid in fresh orange is the highest from all the samples tested (0. 03%) 2) All the fruits used were fresh and bought on the same day. This increased reliability of the results since the age of the fruit may affect Vitamin C content. 3) Water was used as a control in the experiment to ensure the fact that only items with vitamin C can decolourize DCPIP. 4) A syringe was used to drop the fruit juices in to the test tubes since a pipette was not available. The problem with a syringe is that if too much pressure is applied, the entire solution can be poured out and it has an uncertainty of (Â ±0. 2cm3). Maybe it would have been better to use a burette, which also has a lower uncertainty (3) 5) We were told that the concentration of ascorbic acid provided was 0.1%. We were not however sure because we did not see it being made. In this case, we should have made the solution to that concentration ourselves, or the lab technician should have made it in front of us. 6) A limitation of this investigation was that the maturity stage of the fruits was not determined. Vitamin C concentration decreases during the ripening process. Unripe fruits have more ascorbic acid than the ripe ones. Since the ripening stage was not informed, the ascorbic acid concentration could have varied and therefore affected the results of the experiment. Even the position of the fruits on the tree was not known; sunlight exposure enhances vitamin C levels. Maybe some fruits were on the shadier side showing low levels of vitamin C. 7) The observations in this experiment were made solely by the eye. There was thus huge room for human error, as sometimes, two drops could seem one drop. In this case, two people could have been used to watch the drops and increase reliability of results 8) Blackcurrant is a fresh fruit which has a very high concentration of vitamin C. However the results of this investigation showed otherwise. This may indicate a shortcoming in the experiment because this fruit was the only one which did not show a high concentration of vitamin C. Maybe the juice became a bit too dilute. This could have been rectified if time had allowed. Due to time constraints, this experiment was only carried out once. In order to obtain reliable results however, the experiment should have been carried out three times, and the average volume of liquids required to decolourize could have been obtained, giving a more realistic picture of the concentrations. Another limitation was that besides orange and pineapple, the processed juices of other fresh fruits were not available and so they could not be directly compared to each other. However, the results did show that processed fruit juices had low Vitamin C content. 10) If time would have permitted, the experiment for 7, 9 and 10 should have been continued so as to obtain the exact end point when the DCPIP got decolorized and therefore get the exact concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in those liquid tests.

just wait Essay

just wait Essay just wait Essay Just Wait So many of our young children are having babies when they’re just babies themselves. Teenagers do not realize the consequences of bringing a life into this world. There are so many responsibilities and hardships to having a baby that our young people do not realize till it’s too late. Television and social media make having a baby look fun and easy, but in reality there is much more to it. They do not reveal the night time awakenings, crying, cleaning duties, and all the other difficult duties that come with having a baby. Sure babies are cute and lovable, but they are defiantly a responsibility for adulthood. Children’s small bodies are just not equipped to birth a child when they are that young. There body is not done growing and it is just not healthy to put your body through such trauma. Women’s hips are not spread and her body is not developed enough to birth a child. In 2011 329, 797 babies were born from children; live births in America ha ve gone down 8 percent from 2010. Only 50 percent of teen moms finish high school, and 90 percent of teens under 16 years will not finish. Teen parents are also less likely to go to college which decreases their job rates and makes your income low. You cannot give your baby all you want to give when you’re not financially stable, it is more logic to wait and become stable before adding an extreme expense to your budget. Fathers of babies are less likely to be involved as a teen. Boys maturity level is much lower than girls, and they are not forced to stay and carry the baby like the girls. So not only do teen moms have to raise a child and take on a huge

Nursing shortage and its effects on the provision of health care Term Paper

Nursing shortage and its effects on the provision of health care - Term Paper Example Despite renewed efforts at reform in most European countries, the number of uninsured people continues to grow, the cost of healthcare continues to soar, and the safety and quality of care are queried. The great challenges of the healthcare system need significant attention on the part of health experts, policy makers and the society. One problem that has continued to dog the health care sector over the last five years has been the perennial shortage of registered nurses as well as other health care professionals as a demonstration of the fragility and faults in the health care system. For health care delivery to be efficient, reasonable, and inexpensive, there must be an ample stream of knowledgeable, well spread and employed certified nurses. While the general quality of care seems to have responded progressively to the rising emphasis on evidence-based practice and performing procedures, major inequalities in quality stubbornly persist. The health care system and the nursing profe ssion are once more witnessing a shortage in nurses that is augmented by shortcomings of the system and the ever-rising need for health care, as the baby boomers grow old. The intricate environment of challenges of the health care system requires major attention on the part of health care professionals, policy makers and to a smaller extent the public.In all the health care literature available today, the widely accepted elements of health care reform are the ability to get health care, its quality, cost, and the workforce.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 51

Marketing - Essay Example This shows that company is struggling with its marketing functions, but is still recording a below the industry’s average performance. It still requires the company to put much more efforts on marketing to improve on its marketing performance. The business strategy in the 2nd year could possibly have been that of investing its finances on the future performance of the company as well as improving its effectiveness in marketing. It is very evident that the company achieved the highest in performance of the industry performance on marketing effectiveness with 0.80 performances which is also the industry highest performance. This shows that the company employed a lot of its efforts on the marketing strategies so as to improve its market share as well as competitiveness and create market awareness among other marketing functions. On the other hand, out of the possible maximum company performance on investment in the future of 2.24, the company was able to score way above the industry average and almost the reaching the industry highest by scoring 2.14. This shows that the company is much concerned about the going concern of the company and would like to see the company stand even more firm in the future than the today’ s company’s creation of wealth. This is even why the company’s wealth performance is very low since it ploughs-back much of its profits into future

Will business save the planet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Will business save the planet - Essay Example In the recent decade, energy requirements have risen considerably (Economic Intelligence Unit). More important is the conservation of energy to secure the safety and energy sustainability of its future generation. This entails utilizing renewable energy sources that do not contribute to pollution (reasons for using renewable resources). Complete utilization of renewable energy sources, as opposed to non-renewable sources will ensure pollution emissions are reduced to minimum levels thereby conserving the ozone layer (HAVC System). One of the development objectives of China is to foster the growth of wind and solar companies (ACORE). Non-renewable energy is bound to get depleted in the near future. Investing in the non-renewable energy is an appropriate method to alleviate the risk of running out of non-renewable energy. Hence China has secured its place as the world leader in growing its green energy. Approximately a quarter of the world green energy is found in China. Between 2005 a nd 2010, wind turbines have been constructed at a fast rate in China (Economic Intelligence Unit). China has established itself as an â€Å"economic superpower† and is also striving to be the world leader in utilizing green energy. China is no doubt becoming the world’s leader in the exploitation of green energy sources. While, the USA, which is the current leader in green energy investment, is losing momentum in investing in green energy, China is making big strides in exploiting green energy. Hence China is bound to be ranked number one in tapping and exploiting green energy resources. These vibrant efforts made by China have caught the attention of investors like Bloomerg New Energy Finance and Germany among other investors, which contribute to China’s green energy capital (Silverstein 1). China’s efforts to strive to be a leader in utilizing green energy have been become apparent to international stakeholders who can assist China to achieve its energy goals. This assistance could be in the form of financial support or technological research on how to convert green energy to a usable form. In a bid to further its green energy agenda, China is getting rid of companies that utilize non-renewable energy resources. Between 2005 and 2010, China decommissioned power companies that were inefficient in terms of power consumption and this trend is also set to continue. China is also abolishing those companies that contribute to air pollutant emissions (â€Å"China’s action on climate change,† 1). Abolishing companies that utilize non-renewable energy sources is a sure way to minimize pollution emissions and attain total green energy dependence. Among the green energy conversion technologies that have gained the most recognition in terms of financing include solar power technologies with the top markets being China, Europe and the United States. However, the United States is losing its grip as the world leader in attracting i nvestments for green energy due to lack of governmental commitment in green energy efforts (Silverstein 1). This shows that China is committed to converting to green energy exploitation. This is shown by the enormous financial investments it is the direction towards green energy. Such is the commitment that will set at the top of the list of the world’s leaders in green energy investment. Other countries that have shown considerable efforts in investing in green energy include Italy, Brazil and India (Silverstein 1). The future of Green Energy in China In China’s 12th 5 year plan, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions was given priority, showing China’s change in attitude towards green ene

COP 3530, Discrete Data Structures and Algorithms, Summer 1999, Homework 3 :: UFL Florida Computer Programming Homework

Class Notes: Data Structures and Algorithms Summer-C Semester 1999 - M WRF 2nd Period CSE/E119, Section 7344 Homework #3 -- Due Thu 10 June 1999 : 09.30am This is the key for Homework #3. Answers are in blue typeface. * Question 1. Given an 8-element sequence S = (3, -10, 4, -3, 8, 6, 5, 1), diagram the merge-sort tree (architecture) for the divide, sort, and conquer phases of the merge-sort algorithm, as we did in class. Label each level (e.g., L1, L2, etc.), as you will need this information in Question 2. Do not write code for merge-sort. Answer: Level 1 (3, -10, 4, -3, 8, 6, 5, 1) / Level 2 (3, -10, 4, -3) ( 8, 6, 5, 1) / / Level 3 (3, -10) (4, -3) (8, 6) (5, 1) X X X X

Ryanair Case Study

Nova School of Business and Economics 2012/2013 DOGFIGHT OVER EUROPE: RYANAIR Case Study This set of questions refers to Version (A): 1. Which kind of customers was Ryanair trying to attract when, in 1999, Michael O’Leary took charge of the firm? Those with a low price elasticity of demand or those with a high price elasticity of demand? Explain.Considering that we are talking about the same product, in an industry with many firms, where producers and consumers know all quoted prices and where the consumers can identify the product as homogeneous, it is fair to say that we are talking about a scenario close to perfect competition, thus demand for the product is very elastic. So, Ryanair is trying to attract high price elasticity customers.Accordingly to the article: Ryanair marketed itself as â€Å"the low fares airline†; before open new routes, the company cared about low landing fees, low turnaround costs in order to be able to charge low fares to customers; it made a greements with secondary airports, where they did not pays fees (in fact those airports paid to Ryanair to use their locales); it tried that 70% of the available seats in the two lowest fare categories; it made fewer restrictions on its tickets (important for who had extra bags, or who wants to change the flights in order to pay less); it observe competitors, so it would be able to apply a lower fare; its customers were a mix of leisure travelers (70-75%) and business travelers, mostly from small and mid-sized businesses (25-30%). ifferences in airfares could persuade some leisure travelers to visit one destination rather than another; it has chosen the cost leadership so it seeks to be the lowest cost producer in Europe by selling standardized, mass products and Ryanair’s profit maximization was through lower fares in order to attract more customers contrarily to competitors where they maximize their profits through find opportunities to increase fares without losing custome rs. So accordingly to the customers with a high PED (price elasticity demand) following the formula (Q/P) x (P/Q): a little negative variation in prices (decrease in fares), will originate a big positive variation in the amount sold. 2. Why was cost cutting so essential for the strategy chosen? First of all it is important to refer that in 1991, Ryanair was facing a bankruptcy.In response, ‘the company removed all frills from its service, cut its costs to the bone, and dropped its fares to levels unheard of in Europe’. It became priority, to connect all the efforts to preserve and generate cash. Company’s main concern was charge lower fares in order to attract high elasticity price demand customers, with this new strategy, the company became low-cost or low-fare airlines and to maintain it within these measures the firm needed to adapt its strategy to new restrictions, which means, cost cutting. The flag airline faced a really competitive market (in 1999), and to keep competitive the firm had to keep its strategy, and for that was necessary cost cutting. Cost cutting, if it is efficiently done, brings more profits.Besides, using the model used in classes, â€Å"Bertrand – Asymmetric Model† where it says that if certain firm charges ‘P1’ for its product, and other firm charges ‘P1-e’ (because it is able to reduce its marginal cost), so the second firm will get all the demand. Well, Ryanair did not get all the demand, but is observable in ‘Exhibit 4’ that the company carried approximately 60% (353/575) and 56% (180/321) of the passengers on the route ‘Dublin-Manchester’ and the route ‘Dublin-Glasgow’ respectively. 3. Ryanair uses a performance-based pay scheme to compensate its flight attendants. Why? A performance-based payment scheme combines the interests of both flight attendants and the company. This happens because obviously, the flag airline will gain more i f the attendants are working efficiently (making an effort to sell the snacks, drinks, or whatever they have on board; being nice with the passengers, and help them as much they can), then if they are lazy during work. If a salesperson receives a fixed wage, no matter how much it sells, then he or she will not have any incentive to sell more than the expected. But, of course, if they receive an extra commission for each sale, then the salesperson will do the effort that it maximizes its utility. By having a higher effort, the workers have a higher payoff which maximizes its utility.A sector payment or an in-flight sales commission allowed flight attendants to earn 10% more than those from competitors and allowed the firm to fly to 50% more sectors than its rivals. Consequently, a higher number of flights increase the profits of Ryanair. The company’s rapid growth permitted job mobility, for instance, a flight attendant could take a job at the yield operations management on th e headquarters; job mobility was a solution for the company to avoid coordination problems. 4. Why wasn’t this performance scheme also offered to maintenance personnel? The majority of European airlines pay their employees based on the length of their tenure with the company. However, Ryanair only applied this to their maintenance and engineering personnel.As a company obsessed with cash, the most important part of the business was the operational part, the one which actually gave money to the company: flights and duty-free revenues. So, this was the only personnel where it was justifiable to apply a performance-based pay scheme. Engineering and maintenance were paid based on their formal qualifications: more qualified personnel would do the job more accurately. Maintenance personnel only represented 9,34% of the total employees as of March 31, 1999. Besides the company concerns about security: let’s say that if they receive a fee for each plane that is ‘fixedâ⠂¬â„¢, they will want to fix the maximum planes, as fast as possible, and that may not be the best for the passenger’s security.It’s more important to seek personal with higher qualification, and pay them a reasonable (but fixed) salary, because this is kind of business where mistakes cannot happen, and so, the personnel has to be focus in its work, and not in the ‘extra money’. 5. Can you suggest means of rewarding maintenance personnel that would induce high productivity without hindering Ryanair’s strategy? Ryanair’s strategy is keep low fares so it will be able to keep â€Å"fiercely competitive† and â€Å"ferociously cost conscious†, which implies, minimize costs (everywhere where it is possible), so increase their salaries would hurt the company’s strategy. Given this, it would be a good idea to search for some ‘non-monetary’ alternatives.First of all give them some lectures about how important is to do a good maintenance of the aircraft, aware them that a single mistake can be fatal for hundreds of people (unless they are murderers or mentally sick people they will get alert! ). They can make promises to them in the long-run like if there are no mistakes, Ryanair’s credibility increases, and that will attract more passengers, which means more revenues, which means they can increase wages (and keep the same profit). Monitoring them is a good way of keep the high productivity, this measure leads to an increase in veracity of the employee's reports, in other words, if an employee knows that he or she is being watched, then it will for sure do a better job.The creation of bureaucracy that implies the creation of rules in order to limit the employee’s actions, these rules can be benefit for the maintenance workers, for example, the creation of a rule that says it is mandatory to do a 15 minutes break, every two hours. 6. What are the likely consequences for Ryanair of a steep decrease in the price of jet fuel brought about by a significant decline in the price of oil? Consider both the direct and the strategic effect. All the airline companies are strategic complements, which mean that if one firm takes one action, the others will respond with aggressively actions (upward sloping). And they exhibit tough commitment, in other words, is a commitment that is going to have an adverse effect on the competitors.In Bertrand (this case), the company makes a tough commitment, no matter how much its rival changes the price, the firm’s price will be lower than it would have been if there were no commitment. The companies make tough commitment to avoid that new entrants increase the price competition. Given this, we built the following graph: The red line stands for direct effect and the blue line stands for substitution effect. The direct effect is the commitment’s impact on the present value of the firm’s profits, assuming that the compe titors’ behavior does not change. Applying to the case is basically the profits that all the others airline companies would earn if Ryanair would not decrease its prices as well (point 1 to point 2).The substitution effect takes into account the competitive side effects of the commitment, this means, how much does the tactical decisions of the rivals change, under the commitment conditions. Basically is the adjustment made by Ryanair after the competitors decrease their prices (point 2 to point 3). Decline in the price of oil, brings a decrease in the price of jet fuel. With this shock, all the airline companies will decrease their prices, P1*’. As it was said before, Ryanair always observes its competitors, and then make its move, so they will decrease their tickets’ prices even more, P2*’(one of the principals of tough commitment). As it says in exhibit 2, ‘fuel ; oil’ constitutes approximately 16% of its costs (6. 0/37. ), so despite it is not visible on the graph (due to lack of data related to prices), the prices of the flight’s tickets will decrease considerable, because (repeat) this is a really competitive market, and the airline companies find themselves in a tough commitment, that it will originate a decline even bigger that the one it would happen without though commitment. It is important to refer that the company’s product has a low-level of horizontal differentiation because the difference between the products of each one of the companies is based on the quality in the in-flight zone. And there are tons of people who simply do not care about that.For those ones, their only concern is to get to their destination. 7. What are the most serious threats that Ryanair faces? Explain your perspective. Europe Union’s measure â€Å"Under the package, carriers were given full freedom to set fares. Any company was allowed to start an airline provided that it had majority European ownership, adequ ate financial backing, and the ability to meet safety requirements. The package permitted any European airline to fly any route between two EU countries and, starting in 1997, any intra-country route between two European cities. † This measure means no patents’ system, which means that as long as there is positive profit, other companies will enter in the market.Without proper cautions this may lead to perfect competition, where the companies will lower their prices until it equals the marginal cost, which implies that the profit will be zero. Even worse than that is if Ryanair adheres to a new technology (in order to decrease its marginal cost), and if we are in a situation where the other companies can copy and use the technology discovered by Ryanair, the company will have negative profits. Contrarily if the competitors are able to decrease its marginal cost, and the antitrust agencies that may lead to monopoly (if there is a patented system that says that is illegal to copy and use technology of others firms). Possible merges by competitors, which would increase their market share. For example, in 2002, easyJet purchased Go for ? 374m.Ryanair may face laws taken by the antitrust agencies that may limit its actions, for example the use of ‘dumping’ strategy (‘monopolistic strategy’ where the firm sells its products below their production cost in order to eliminate competition, and when it occurs, the firm increase its prices again). Ryanair has faced aggressive marketing campaigns and charity efforts by Virgin Express, subcontracts and reliability on third parties (lower costs), total direct selling and a very informal environment by easyJet, predatory pricing by British Airways’ Go and in-flight entertainment and comfort by Debonair. The last one went bankrupt but all the others provide serious competition to Ryanair despite not achieving the profitable results desired.

Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His...

Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His Coy Mistress, The Flea, and Shall I compare thee. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successful in ... Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"The Flea†, and â€Å"Shall I compare thee†. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successful in entertaining their readers? â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"The Flea† and â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee† are all poems written in the 17th century. Marvell, Donne and Shakespeare who were the authors of the poems, departed from conventions of†¦show more content†¦It was customary in the 17th century to write poems about love in comparison to nature and he uses the world to describe his space of love. In just two lines we can already the feel of the poem and build up a picture of his passion. The poet is attempting in the first stanza, through flattery, to win over his Lady and persuade her to consummate their love. This stanza is typically metaphysical, demonstrating a controversial use of imagery, for example, â€Å"Thou by the Indian Gan ges side, shouldst rubies find; I by the tide† and a double entendre, for example when he talks about his â€Å"vegetable love†. It is written in the style of other poems of that time. However, half way through the stanza his passionate words turn gently satirical and we feel a change in the poet’s tone. For example he says â€Å"Love you ten years before the Flood and you should, if you please, refuse till the conversion of the Jews†. Here his flattery turns slightly frightening and we start to wonder if the poet’s true intentions are purely innocent or very selfish. â€Å"But at my back I always hear, time’s winged chariot hurrying near† is a famous phrase and is used in the second stanza to mark a change in the atmosphere. The speed up of pace, as the verse goes on, reveals desperation and anxiety that he might not get his own way after all. In contrast to the first stanza, where he used flatteryShow MoreRelatedCompare the Views of Relationships in ‘the Unequal Fetters’ with Those in ‘to His Coy Mistress’. What Is Suggested About the Different Ways in Which Men and Women View Love?2018 Words   |  9 Pagesrelationships in ‘The Unequal Fetters’ with those in ‘To his Coy Mistress’. What is suggested about the different ways in which men and women view love? ‘To His Coy Mistress’ was written by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678). The poem is a metaphysical poem, which was mostly used in the seventeenth century and was classed as a highly intellectual type of poetry and mainly expressed the complexities of love and life; just as this poem is. In brief the poem is about seizing every opportunity in life and not caringRead MorePoetry by William King, Martyn Lowery, Andrew Marvell, Liz Lochhead, John Cooper Clarke and Elizabeth Jennings10576 Words   |  43 Pagestheme contains the following poems: The Beggar Woman by William King (Pre 1900) Our Love Now by Martyn Lowery To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell (Pre 1900) Rapunzstiltskin by Liz Lochhead i wanna be yours by John Cooper Clarke One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings As the title suggests, hearts and partners deals with love and relationships. In your exam you will be expected to make comparisons between the different poems and this lesson will help youRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 PagesShakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy Sonnet I† (â€Å"Thou hast made me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), â€Å"Holy Sonnet IX† (â€Å"If poisonous minerals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), 3. George Herbert